What is Gout?

Gout can be a common, complex form of arthritis. Gout is characterized as severe, sudden pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in one or several joints, usually the big toe.

Gout attacks can strike suddenly, and you may wake up feeling like your big toes are on fire. Gout can cause a hot, tender joint that is so tender it may not be able to bear the weight of a sheet.

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Signs

Gout symptoms and signs almost always appear suddenly, often late at nights.

These include:

Severe joint pain.

Gout is most commonly seen in the big toe. However, it can also affect any other joint. Gout can also affect the ankles as well as the knees, elbows and wrists. It is most likely that the pain will be severe within four to twelve hours of it starting.

Persistent discomfort.

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Some joint discomfort can persist after the worst pain has subsided. This may last for several days or even weeks. Later attacks will likely last longer and impact more joints.

Redness and swelling

The affected joints can become tender, warm, red, and swollen.

Limiting range of motion

Gout can cause joint pain and make it difficult to move.

Causes

Gout is caused by urate crystals building up in joints. This causes inflammation and severe pain. If you have high levels uric acid, urate crystals may form. Uric acid is produced by the body when it breaks down purines. These are substances found naturally in the body.

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Some foods contain purines, such as red meat and organ meats like liver. Anchovies and other seafood high in purines include tuna, mussels and scallops. Higher levels of uric acids are promoted by alcohol, particularly beer and sweetened beverages with fruit sugar (fructose).

Uric acid is normally dissolved in blood and passed through the kidneys to the urine. Sometimes, the body produces too much or the kidneys produce too little uric acid. This is when uric acid forms sharp, needle-shaped crystals in joints or surrounding tissues, which can cause pain, inflammation, and swelling.

Risk Factors

High levels of uric acids in the body can make you more susceptible to developing gout. The following factors can increase the amount of uric acid within the body:

Diet

Consuming red meat, seafood and sweetened beverages with fruit sugar (fructose), can raise your uric acid levels and increase your chance of developing gout. Gout can also be caused by alcohol consumption, particularly beer.

Weight

Your body will produce more uric acid if you’re overweight. This makes it more difficult for your kidneys and liver to remove it.

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Conditions Medical

Gout can be increased by certain conditions and diseases. Untreated high blood pressure, chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, along with other diseases and conditions can increase your risk of developing gout.

Some Medications

Low-dose aspirin and some medications used to control hypertension, including thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and beta-blockers, can also increase uric acid levels. The same effects can be seen in people who have had organ transplants.

Gout is a Family History

Gout is more common in those who have had gout from their family members.

Gender and Age

Gout is more common in men than it is in women, primarily because of their lower levels of uric acid. After menopause, however, women’s levels of uric acid are similar to men’s. Gout is more common in men, who are usually between 30-50 years old, and women, who usually show symptoms and signs after menopause.

Recent Surgery or Trauma

Gout attacks can sometimes be triggered by recent trauma or surgery. A gout flare up can be caused by a vaccine.

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